Papers with uncertainty metrics

5 papers
Active Prompting with Chain-of-Thought for Large Language Models (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods to annotate large language models rely on a fixed set of human-annotated exemplars, which are not always the most effective for different tasks.
Approach: They propose a method to adapt large language models to different tasks with task-specific example prompts (annotated with human-designed CoT reasoning) they introduce several metrics to characterize uncertainty so as to select the most uncertain questions for annotation.
Outcome: The proposed method significantly improves performance on eight complex reasoning tasks.
Efficient Nearest Neighbor based Uncertainty Estimation for Natural Language Processing Tasks (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for uncertainty estimation are inadequate for safety-critical applications.
Approach: They propose a method that uses the distances from neighbors and the ratio of labels in neighbors to estimate uncertainty.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baseline and density-based methods in calibration and uncertainty metrics.
Investigating the Impact of Model Instability on Explanations and Uncertainty (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Explainable AI methods are typically evaluated holistically, but small perturbations to inputs can vastly distort explanations.
Approach: They artificially simulate epistemic uncertainty in text input by introducing noise at inference time and measure the effect on the output of pre-trained language models.
Outcome: The proposed model can detect salient tokens when uncertain, but it is not reliable when small perturbations are exposed during training.
Aligning Predictive Uncertainty with Clarification Questions in Grounded Dialog (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Previous work bases the timing of questions on supervised models learned from interactions between humans.
Approach: They propose to ground the need for questions in the acting agent's predictive uncertainty by using the T5 encoder-decoder architecture to solve a Minecraft Collaborative Building task.
Outcome: The proposed model can detect ambiguous instructions and predict responses better than previous models.
DebUnc: Improving Large Language Model Agent Communication With Uncertainty Metrics (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Multi-agent debates can improve the accuracy of Large Language Models by having multiple agents discuss solutions over several rounds of debate.
Approach: a debate framework that uses uncertainty metrics to assess agent confidence is proposed . the framework uses textual prompts or a modified attention mechanism that adjusts token weights .
Outcome: The proposed framework assesses agent confidence using uncertainty metrics . the framework is available at https://github.com/lukeyoffe/debunc.

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